In the name of Allah,
The jurists have four different opinions on this issue. First, they feed the poor without Qada. Ibn Umar and Abbas said this. Abu Haneefa, Abu Ubayd, and Abu Thawr believe they only need to perform the Qada and not feed the poor. Third, they perform Qada and feed the poor. Al Shafi believes this. The fourth view is that pregnant women do Qada but don’t feed the poor, while wet nurses do both.
The classical Hanafi Book Al Hidaya stated:
Women who are pregnant or nursing should avoid fasting or perform the fasts as qada’ if they are fearful about themselves or their children. There is no fidya for them because the delay is because of a reason[i].
They stipulate that if a pregnant or nursing woman feels fasting would harm her or her kid, the same rule applies. Reasonable fear can be shown by: 1) visible signs, 2) a similar event in the past or 3) the advice of an honest Muslim doctor or expert[ii]. Click here for more evidence.
The Shafi’s says:
All must make up their missed fast days, regardless of cause. If someone doesn’t fast out of concern for someone else, they must also pay the expiation. If they fear for their own safety and the safety of others, there is no expiation[iii].
The most correct belief is that a woman who is pregnant or nursing is considered to be sick, so she does not have to fast and just has to make up the days she missed, whether she is worried about herself or her child.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said, “Allah has relieved the traveler from fasting and part of the prayer, and He has freed the pregnant and breastfeeding woman from fasting.” Hasan hadeeth (Al-Tirmidhi, 3/85).
Ash-Shaykh Ibn’Uthaimin( May Allah have mercy on him) said:
‘Some experts have said that they are only required to make up for the fasts regardless of the condition, as the Book and Sunnah do not require them to give food. (for this). The basic concept is freedom of responsibility until proof shows doing. This is Abu Hanifah’s stance, and it is strong’[iv].[ Paraphrased]. This is also the choice of the permanent committee[v].
Click here to know about Semen Emission and its Impact on Fasting
Click here to know about As-Suhoor: Its Rules, Timings, and Virtues
Click here to know: Can a traveler who is on a sinful journey break his fast?
May Allah’s peace and blessings be on the last and final prophet
Sources:
[i] Al-Hidayah THE GUIDANCE, Burhan Al Din Al Farghani Al Marghinani, Book of Fasting, page 328
[ii] A Complete Guide to Fasting and Ramadan, SeekersGuidance, Ustada Umm Ihsan, Page 10
[iii] The fiqh of fasting Ramadan according to the school of Imam shafi‘I, SeekersGuidance, Page 76
[iv]Fatwa Islamiyah (Islamic Verdicts) Vol 3 From the noble scholars Abdullah bib Baaz, Shaikh Uthaymeen, Ibn Jibreen ( May Allah have mercy on them) along with the permanent committee. Darussalam Publications Page 300
[v] Fatwa Islamiyah (Islamic Verdicts) Vol 3 From the noble scholars Abdullah bib Baaz, Shaikh Uthaymeen, Ibn Jibreen ( May Allah have mercy on them) along with the permanent committee. Darussalam Publications Page 301